French Grammar
Twelve vital French irregular verbs
The essential irregular French verbs
Fortunately or unfortunately, the most common verbs in French (as in English!) are also the most irregular ones, the ones we have to use all to time. This page and linked pages provide essential details of the main groups of French irregular verbs, and details about the most important irregular verbs that do not fall into any group, but have their own individual conjugation pattern.
Yet in spite of the large number (several hundreds) of irregular verbs in French, and their variety, most follow similar basic rules of conjugation. The "irregular" forms are mostly in the present tense and the perfect or
passé composé tenses. Really "odd" forms, such as the past participle of
vivre, which is
vécu, are few and far between. In addition, most of them are quite common, so learners (including French students) become quickly familiar with them.
1. The five fundamental irregular verbs
These auxiliary and modal verbs are dealt with individually or on other pages.
2. Seven more very common irregular verbs
Most of the other very common verbs in French are also irregular. Each one has to be learned individually ! However the consolation is that generally speaking it is only the present tense of these verbs that is highly irregular. Other tenses are conjugated regularly on the basis of the form found in the first person singular. Thus for each verb, you will find the full present tense, plus the first person singular of other tenses. Other tense forms are derived normally from the tenses indicated
Faire - to do or to make
Present tense: | Singular | Plural |
1st | Je fais | Nous faisons |
2nd | Tu fais | Vous faites |
3rd | Il fait | Ils font |
Other tenses Future:
Je ferai. Preterite:
Je fis. Perfect:
J'ai fait. Imperfect:
Je faisais
Dire - to say.
Present tense: | Singular | Plural |
1st | Je dis | Nous disons |
2nd | Tu dis | Vous dites |
3rd | Il dit | Ils disent |
Other tenses Future:
Je dirai Preterite:
Je dis. Perfect:
J'ai dit. Imperfect:
Je disais
Savoir - to know
Present tense: | Singular | Plural |
1st | Je sais | Nous savons |
2nd | Tu sais | Vous savez |
3rd | Il sait | Ils savent |
Other tenses Future:
Je saurai. Preterite:
Je sus. Perfect:
J'ai su. Imperfect:
Je savais
Note also Present subjunctive:
que je sache
Aller - to go
Present tense: | Singular | Plural |
1st | Je vais | Nous allons |
2nd | Tu vas | Vous allez |
3rd | Il va | Ils vont |
Other tenses Future:
J'irai. Preterite:
J'allai. Perfect:
Je suis allé. Imperfect:
J'allais
Venir - to come
Present tense: | Singular | Plural |
1st | Je viens | Nous venons |
2nd | Tu viens | Vous venez |
3rd | Il vient | Ils viennent |
Other tenses Future:
Je viendrai. Preterite:
Je vins. Perfect:
Je suis venu. Imperfect:
Je venais
Voir - to see
Present tense: | Singular | Plural |
1st | Je vois | Nous voyons |
2nd | Tu vois | Vous voyez |
3rd | Il voit | Ils voient |
Other tenses Future:
Je verrai. Preterite:
Je vis. Perfect:
J'ai vu. Imperfect:
Je voyais
Falloir- to have to, to be necessary to
Note: this is a "defective" verb, and is found only in the third person singularPresent tense: Il faut Other tenses Future:
Il faudra. Preterite:
Il fallut. Perfect:
Il a fallu. Imperfect:
Il fallait
Some examples
- Qu'est-ce que vous faites?
-
Je sais qu'ils vont arriver demain
-
Je dis que ce fromage est bon. Que dites-vous ?
-
A trois heures, il alla au palais.
-
Il faut que tu saches avec qui tu travailleras !
-
Mes amis sont venus avec moi au cinéma.
-
J'ai vu un cheval et trois chats.
-
Il avait fallu attendre l'arrivée du dernier train avant de rentrer à la maison